Intervals & Scales
An interval is the distance between 2 notes and they are always counted from the lower note to the higher one.
Usually, the intervals come in different sizes and qualities.
• If sounded simultaneously, then it's a harmonic interval.
• If the notes are sounded successively, it's a melodic interval.
The smallest interval used in western music is the half step and its visual representation would be the distance among a consecutive white & black note on the piano.
However, there are 2 exceptions to this rule, as 2 natural half steps occur among the notes E & F, & B & C.
A whole step is the distance among 2 consecutive white or black keys. It's made up of 2 half steps.
Qualities and Size: Intervals can be described as Diminished(d), Perfect(P), Minor(m), Major(M) and Augmented(A).
Intervals come in different sizes: Unisons, Seconds, Thirds, Fourths, Fifths, Sixths, & Sevenths.
2nds, 3rds, 6ths, and 7ths can be found as Minor or Major.
Unisons, 4ths, 5ths, & Octaves are Perfect.
More info: Intervals & Scales: Inversion of Intervals, Scales, Natural Minor...
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